CABLE

        ~It is a medium that connects computer in a network.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CABLE?

1. TWISTED - PAIR CABLE

~ is the most common type of cable.

~ have eight individual copper wires bundled together and covered with an insulting material.

    TYPES OF TWISTED - 

1.)PAIR CABLE

•  STP (SHIELDED TWISTED - PAIR

~ often used in "noisy" environments where a shield of metallic foil is wrapped around each of  the wire pairs, with an traditional overall shielding to protect against excessive electromagnetic interference.

• UTP (UNSHIELDED TWISTED) - PAIR)

~ is the most common form of twisted pair wairing.

~ it is less expensive and easier to work with an STP.

2. COAXIAL CABLE

~ the standard media used by cable TV operators.

~it consists of plastic insulator that separates the solid copper inner conductor and the woven, copper braid outer conductors to travel without outer interference. 

3. FIBER - OPTIC CABLE

~ has a reflective coating that allows light beam
  

STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE

~it is used to connect different type of devices.

CROSSOVER CABLE

~it is used to connect same type of devices.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY?

Network Topology

- refers to the layout or structure of the network in relation with flow of data. Structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is an application of graph theory wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes.

Types of networks topologies:

1. Linear Bus Topology

-is a type of network topology in which each device is connected one after the other in a sequential chain (shown right). In this case, the bus is thenetwork connection between the devices, and if any link in the network chain is severed, all network transmission is halted. Uses one long cable referred to all the backbone.

2. Star Topology

-is one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central hub which acts as a conduit to transmit messages. In star topology, every host is connected to a central hub. A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution paradigm in computer networks.

3. Ring Topology

- is a network configuration in which device connections create a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are referred to as a ring network. In a ring network, packets of data travel from one device to the next until they reach their destination. Most ring topologies allow packets to travel only in one direction, called a unidirectional ring network. Others permit data to move in either direction, called bidirectional.

4. Mesh Topology

-a network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using a mesh topology.


5. Hybrid Topology

-Hybrid topology is an integration of two or more different topologies to form a resultant topologywhich has many advantages (as well as disadvantages) of all the constituent basic topologiesrather than having characteristics of one specific topology.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK?

One way to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by their scope or scale. For historical reasons, the networking industry refers to nearly every type of design as some kind of area network. Common types of area networks are:

1.) PAN (PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)
- A personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters. For example, a person traveling with a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable printer could interconnect them without having to plug anything in, using some form of wireless technology. Typically, this kind of personal area network could also be interconnected without wires to the Internet or other networks.


TRIVIA: The concept of a PAN first was developed by Thomas Zimmerman and other researchers at M.I.T.'s Media Lab and later supported by IBM's Almaden research lab. In a research paper, Zimmerman explains why the concept might be useful: 

As electronic devices become smaller, lower in power requirements, and less expensive, we have begun to adorn our bodies with personal information and communication appliances. Such devices include cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), pocket video games, and pagers. Currently there is no method for these devices to share data. Networking these devices can reduce functional I/O redundancies and allow new conveniences and services.

 2.) LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

-A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server.

Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a commercial establishment. Computers and other mobile devices use a LAN connection to share resources such as a printer or network storage.

3.) MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK) 

- is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.

4.) WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)

-is a computer network that exists over a large-scale geographical area. A WAN connects different smaller networks, including local area networks (LANs) and metro area networks (MANs).

This ensures that computers and users in one location can communicate with computers and users in other locations. WAN implementation can be done either with the help of the public transmission system or a private network.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: LAN and WAN are the two primary and best-known categories of area networks, while the others have emerged with technology advances

wanna know more? check https://www.lifewire.com/lans-wans-and-other-area-networks-817376

HOW TO BE A RESPONSIBLE NETIZEN?

“How to be a Responsible Netizen?”

Every internet user or what we called “netizen”  has the responsibilities to behave properly online. Each and everyone of us, who uses internet such as social medias, should know the netiquettes because in today’s digital world, it is easier to throw or harass some unpleasant comments online. Thus, in order to be a better netizen we should know and do the netiquettes.

The first netiquette is “Let’s be aware of what we post online.” What we post reflects of who we are. For example, you share/post something that is related to drinking alcohol, smoking, and other bad habits, other people will see and think that you are like that but when you post something that is good, people will idolize you from being like that.

“Be careful of what you say”, it is similar to the first netiquette. In this, you should be cautious of what words will you/we use because there’s a saying that “words cut deeper than knives” and I can prove that this is true because words are embedded to our souls. So, that’s why, we should handle words carefully not only inside the internet but also outside of it.

Being a responsible netizen, “we should be truthful and avoid fake news” because we might hurt somebody and cause them to make bad decisions. We should just speak the truth and post, comment, and share only what we are sure of. It is similar to the netiquette before this.

“Avoid cyberbullying and other internet crimes”, we all know that bullying is bad, it can make the person, who are bullied, depressed and can lead to suicide. Any form of bullying is bad, so, we nshould not engage  that.

Instead of sharing non-sense posts and commenting hate comments, why don’t we share knowledge, so that others will learn something and that social media are not for entertainment only. Internet was created to share useful information, so we should use it well.

That’s only some of the netiquettes that we should know. To be honest, there’s a lot of netiquettes that we should put on our minds but I can’t enumerate all of that. Just always put in your mind that we should always  THINK BEFORE WE CLICK! We should behave properly online because one wrong move and it can cause trouble in the future.